Heat olive oil in a pot over medium heat. Add onions, carrots, celery, garlic, and a pinch of salt. Cook until onions start to brown and celery softens, 5-8 minutes.
Add minced tempeh and mushrooms and another pinch of salt. Cook 2 minutes, stirring constantly.
Add wine (or balsamic vinegar and water) to deglaze the pan. Stir constantly for 1 minute, scraping the bottom of the pot for any stuck pieces. Add a splash of water if needed.
Add tomato paste and stir constantly for 1 minute or until the color darkens. Add a splash of water if the bottom starts to stick.
Add tomatoes. If using whole tomatoes, add ½ cup of water and crush the tomatoes with your stirring spoon.
Add remaining water/broth, lentils, bay leaf, thyme, oregano, and soy sauce. Cover, bring to a boil, then reduce heat to simmer for 30-60 minutes. Stir occasionally to prevent the bottom from sticking. Add extra water or broth if too much liquid evaporates.
Adjust seasonings to taste, adding more salt, pepper, or sugar as desired.